The calcium deposited in the muscles, tendons and ligaments may become evident within 2 weeks of the animal starting to eat the plant.
Prolonged consumption of the plant results in the calcification of the elastic tissues of the arteries, tendons, and ligaments (calcinosis). Consequently, all animals eating cestrum while on a diet adequate in calcium and phosphorus absorb excessive amounts of calcium. Principal ToxinĬestrum diurnum contains a toxin that has strong similarities to 1,25-dihydroxyc- holecalciferol, the active metabolite of vitamin D. Day-blooming jessamine ( Cestrum diurnum ) (Courtesy Dr. Multiple green berries that turn black when ripe are produced after flowering ( Fig. The fragrant white tubular flowers are born in small clusters on axillary peduncles. This plant is a shrub or small tree up to 15 feet (4 to 5 meters) high, with alternate elliptic leaves that have a dark green glossy upper surface. Cestrum diurnum - Solanaceae (Nightshade family). diurnum has become widely distributed through Florida, Texas, California, and Hawaii. diurnum is known to cause calcinosis in horses in North America.Ĭestrum diurnum - Solanaceae (Nightshade family) Habitat linnaeanum, trisetum flavescens (golden oat grass), Cestrum diurnum (day-blooming jessamine), and Nierembergia veitchii. Plants that have been incriminated as a cause of calcinosis in animals include Solanum malacoxylon, S. Affected cattle and horses may survive for several years before they are unable to walk and become permanently recumbent. Over time these calcium deposits in muscles cause chronic lameness and weight loss. Chronic exposure to these vitamin D analogs result in excessive amounts of calcium being absorbed from the intestinal tract and deposited in the tissues. Plant-Induced CalcinosisĪ variety of plants contain calcinogenic glycosides that may be converted to a vita- min D-like substance in animals. In this chapter only those plants that are a primary cause of lameness are discussed. Relatively few toxic plants primarily effect the musculoskeletal system, but a few such as day blooming jessamine exert their primary effect on the muscles and bones. Similarly, plants affecting the brain and peripheral nervous system can affect muscle function and cause secondary lameness.
For example, livestock with liver disease caused by eating tansy ragwort ( Senecio jacobea ) eventually have a severe weight loss that results in muscle weakness and lameness. Many toxic plants cause lameness through muscular weakness induced by the debilitating effects of the toxins on other organs. Lameness due to musculoskeletal disorders is relatively common in animals that consume poisonous plants. Two-Grooved Milk Vetch, Rayless Goldenweed, Woody Aster, Prince's Plume, White Fall Aster, Broom Snakeweed, Gumweed, Saltbush, Indian Paintbrush, Beard Tongue Senna, Sickle Pod, Golden Banner, Black Walnut, Hoary Alyssum, Flatweed
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